More Advanced newer style stuff: Laser-cut design theory

ManicMan

Member
Okay.. weird title but this is something which I think now, alot of people either have direct access to, or it is pretty damn affordable and can greatly help people. It helps best if you know what you are doing and have some design skills but even the average person can do it ^_^

I'm talking about Laser cutting. Now, in this case, I'll talk about and more ask about stuff relating to designing of Vectors for wood Laser cutting.

now, Alot of the time, you see laser cut designs space parts a little distance apart from each other. This as far as I under stand, is pretty much ONLY for design sake. When you are doing vectors (most commonly, you would use a SVG file), each node (point) can only connect with 2 other nodes. If you have two squares, vectors for them each have 4 nodes with 4 edges connecting them (lines). But I don't like this cause it can be a real waste of wood. okay, the wood isn't really got a huge price (depending on what wood you use, but mostly you are gonna be using MDF or PLY. What's.. interesting, I prefer PLY (MDF being Medium-density fibreboard where you cut down bits of hard or soft wood and mix it with wax, resin and pressure, where as Plywood doesn't have the wax if I'm right and is roughly the same thing but not as dense).

Basically.. MDF is cheaper, has a smoother surface BUT Plywood is stronger, less dense so easier to cut and I don't think the price is a HUGE difference (though it is a difference, but when you work out the cost of electricity to cut the denser wood, compared to the extra price of Plywood then it's not a big difference at all).

right now back to the topic. I prefer to have shapes butted up together as much as possible. why cut a square, gap square, which is 8 lines to cut, when if you put the two squares together, they share an edge, so you only need to cut 7, and it takes up that much less wood. when you add more and more shapes and pieces together, you can probably reduce the amount of wood you need to use from say, an A4 sheet down to 3/4ths or even 1/2 of an A4 sheet, which less cuts needed, so less electricity wasted (Electricity at the moment is a great Tragedy of the commons saturation cause soo many people want to use more and more of it without know what the hell they are doing and all the side-effects.. but that is off point and kinda moving too much into the political side) and takes less time.

Problem is, you can't just merge the vectors of two squares together because, as I said, a node can only connect to two others. so what you need to do is more fancy work and create 'non-solid' vectors.. so one square becomes a [ shape so when put next to a square, it makes two together with only 7 edges.. else you are laser cutting the same line twice which.. is gonna create some minor issues (like burning).. of course, you might want to cut lines more then once in what's called a 'pass' but that's a different thing.

Problem is, doing this can be a tricky and time taking task but I think worth it. But I've been wondering a bit, if there is a bit more to it then this.. is there more of a reason to have the gap between pieces then just quicker to make the SVG.. I don't think so but maybe I'm wrong. Some stuff I do find online (can't seam to find what I want) claims that if you have the parts spaced apart, it'll cut them better... I really can't see that myself..

like it or not (can't see too much why not) Laser cutting, atleast cutting wood, can be a great thing in the hobby, wither for cutting templates for buildings, making scenery, movement trays, tokens, or some more advanced fancy stuff, it's really something that has made alot of things easier and more accessible to people.
 
There is a thing called kerf, which to my understanding (which is pretty rough on the topic) is the amount of wood the laser takes away.

Putting forms apart mitigates the kerf.

If you do these nice edge edge joints for a box, where the fingers of the sides fit snuggly into each other, you can't cut them with one cut, as they would sit too loose.

So of you don't mind this slight loss of material, you can put forms right against each other as you described. Or you need to add the kerf to the dimensions of your design; which would make them printer specific.
 

Fimm McCool

Member
When I used to do laser cutting for students I would nest their pieces as close together as possible to save material. No issues having lines touching. You do want a setting on whatever program you use to run your laser to remove duplicate lines (or create the designs without them). That speeds things up, reduces charring and the risk of fire.

Main issue with laser cutting plywood is if there's a knot, dense patch of adhesive or a void in the middle of the material it can prevent the laser cutting all the way through. You only really need to worry about that above 6mm thickness though.
 

Fimm McCool

Member
I guess the 'kerf' would depend on your laser, but our 75 watt cuts through 3mm MDF with a 0.1mm thickness so negligible when it comes to getting parts the right size.
 

ManicMan

Member
mmm.. point. never really take that into account cause with it focused, there doesn't seam to be too much. when the laser cuts it's maximum focus is one point in the centre, but it does create a slight V shape due to the nature of … well, laser focus and stuff.

Mostly the wood I got doesn't have a problem with knots. I mostly just use 2mm thick stuff which is mostly fine for stuff I do ^_^ though as it's a desktop cutter, keeping the wood flat can be a pain. I mostly use duct tape and I've seen someone having great work with some cheap 4mm thick steel flats but I'm not sure on cheap local sourcing of that... the weight would be a bit pricey for shipping.

It's quite a cheapy but good enough. Diode cutter, so about 5.5watts. Can cut 3mm MDF at a bit of a push (but I think some of the push is getting the closeness to the wood as it's a fixed focus laser). Don't have the space nor money for a nice fancy Co2 machine ^_^
 
Back
Top